Understanding Home Education in the UK

A comprehensive guide to elective home education (EHE) in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

What is Home Education?

Home education, also known as elective home education (EHE), is when parents choose to educate their children at home instead of sending them to school. In the UK, this is a legal right for parents, and a growing number of families are discovering the freedom and flexibility of home education.

Many UK families prefer the term "home education" because it emphasises that learning happens everywhere-in nature, through play, during everyday activities, and in community settings-not just in a school-like setting at home. Home education is about creating a rich, personalised learning environment that fits your family's values and your child's unique needs.

Is Home Education Legal in the UK?

Yes, home education is completely legal in all parts of the UK. Parents have a legal duty to ensure their children receive a suitable education, but this doesn't mean they have to send them to school.

Legal Requirements by Country

  • England: Parents must ensure their child receives a "suitable education" but don't need permission to home educate.
  • Scotland: Similar to England-parents must provide suitable education but don't need permission.
  • Wales: Parents must register with their Local Authority if withdrawing from school, but don't need permission to start home education.
  • Northern Ireland: Parents must register with the Education Authority (EA) if their child is of compulsory school age.

Do I Need Permission to Home Educate?

No, you don't need permission to start home educating. However, there are some important distinctions:

If Your Child Has Never Been to School

You don't need to inform anyone. You can simply start home educating. However, it's good practice to inform your Local Authority (or Education Authority in Northern Ireland) so they know your child is being educated at home.

If Your Child Is Currently at School

You need to inform the school (in writing) that you're withdrawing your child to home educate. The school will then inform your Local Authority. You don't need the school's or Local Authority's permission-you're informing them, not asking for approval.

What Does "Suitable Education" Mean?

The law requires that children receive a "suitable education," but this isn't strictly defined. Generally, a suitable education should:

  • Enable the child to participate fully in society
  • Be appropriate to the child's age, ability, and aptitude
  • Take account of any special educational needs
  • Prepare the child for adult life

Importantly, there's no requirement to follow the National Curriculum, have set hours, or replicate school at home. Many home educating families use child led, interest-based approaches that look very different from traditional schooling.

What About Local Authority Monitoring?

Local Authorities have a duty to ensure all children are receiving a suitable education. They may contact you to:

  • Ask about your educational approach
  • Request evidence of learning
  • Arrange a visit (though you're not legally required to allow this)

Your Rights

You're not legally required to:

  • Follow the National Curriculum
  • Have set hours or timetables
  • Allow Local Authority officers into your home
  • Provide samples of work on demand
  • Have formal qualifications

However, it's often helpful to maintain good relationships with your Local Authority and provide them with information about your provision when requested.

Different Approaches to Home Education

There's no one "right" way to home educate. Different families use different approaches, and many combine elements from various methods. Here are some common approaches:

Structured / School-at-Home

Following a curriculum, often similar to what schools use, with set lessons and timetables.

Child Led / Unschooling

Following the child's interests and allowing learning to emerge naturally from everyday life.

Eclectic

Combining elements from different approaches, adapting as needed.

Montessori

Using Montessori principles and materials to support self directed learning.

Charlotte Mason

Emphasising living books, nature study, and narration.

Classical Education

Following the trivium (grammar, logic, rhetoric) with emphasis on great books.

Getting Started with Home Education

If you're considering home education, here are some steps to get started:

  1. Research and Reflect

    Learn about home education, different approaches, and what it means for your family. Consider your reasons, your child's needs, and your family's circumstances.

  2. Connect with Other Home Educators

    Join local groups, online communities, and attend meetups. Other home educating families are an invaluable source of support and advice.

  3. Inform Your School (if applicable)

    If your child is at school, write to the headteacher to inform them you're withdrawing your child to home educate.

  4. Inform Your Local Authority

    It's good practice to inform your Local Authority (or Education Authority in NI) that you're home educating, even if not legally required.

  5. Start Documenting

    Keep records of learning activities, outings, and progress. This helps you see how much learning is happening and makes reporting easier.

  6. Be Flexible

    Remember that home education is a journey. What works one month might not work the next. Be prepared to adapt and change your approach as needed.

Common Concerns About Home Education

Home educated children often have more opportunities for diverse social interactions than school children. They interact with people of all ages, not just their peer group, and participate in a wide range of activities and groups.

Home educated children can take GCSEs, A-Levels, and other qualifications as private candidates. Many also pursue alternative qualifications or go straight to university or apprenticeships.

No! You don't need teaching qualifications. Many home educating parents learn alongside their children. There are also tutors, online courses, and co-ops available.

You can always return to school if home education doesn't work for your family. Many families also use a combination of home education and part-time school attendance.

Ready to Start Your Home Education Journey?

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